![]() British troops occupied Egypt in 1882, and British resident agents became its actual administrators, though it remained under nominal Turkish sovereignty. After completion of the Suez Canal in 1869, the French and British took increasing interest in Egypt. In 1805, Mohammed Ali, leader of a band of Albanian soldiers, became pasha of Egypt. Napoléon's armies occupied the country from 1798 to 1801. Arab caliphs ruled Egypt from 641 until 1517, when the Turks took it for their Ottoman Empire. , when Cleopatra, last of the line, committed suicide and Egypt became a Roman, then Byzantine, province. , and then the dynasty of the Ptolemies ruled the land until 30 B.C. , Alexander the Great subdued it in 332 B.C. ), during which the empire was established. ![]() Egypt's golden age coincided with the 18th and 19th dynasties (16th to 13th century B.C. , when the kingdoms of upper and lower Egypt, already highly sophisticated, were united. ![]() Egyptian history dates back to about 4000 B.C.
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